||| FROM BRUCE BENTON |||


When my wife, Patricia, and I moved from Maryland to Orcas in 2020, I was struck by the extent to which vehicle emissions were the major source of pollution on the island. There was a solution. But it required finding some way to incentivize Islanders to transition to electric vehicles (EVs). If businesses, public facilities, and nonprofits were willing to install publicly-available EV charging stations, those owning gas-powered vehicles might well decide to switch to an EV based on the economics.

I ran the numbers, and they showed that an EV was about five times less expensive to own and drive, given the high cost of gasoline and maintenance for a gas-powered vehicle on the Island (see below). So, with the help of Patricia, I sought out Washington state grants and applied for two which I felt would accelerate EV adoption and
thereby reduce carbon-based vehicle emissions on the Island. To my surprise, both applications were successful.

The Grants
The first was a grant for nearly $400,000 from the Washington State Department of Commerce. It required a government agency or tribal group to implement the project. So, I approached the Airport Commissioners, and they agreed to do so. The grant would support the installation of 36 free publicly-available level II EV chargers around the island and one level III, fast charging station at the Orcas Airport. The latter would require user payment due to the higher cost of electricity for fast charging. It would be the first such fast charger in San Juan County.

I saw it as possibly opening up other interesting clean transportation opportunities. One would be the establishment of an EV shuttle from the ferry landing around the Island and charging up at the Eastsound airport. Others included: 1) supporting short-haul battery-powered electric airplanes, produced in Washington and expected to come on stream later in the decade, and 2) encouraging commercial van deliveries, such as FedEx, to switch to electric.

The second grant came from the Washington State Department of Transportation to launch a pilot EV carshare project. The award totaled nearly $200,000. The implementing agency needed to be a nonprofit. As an Island Rides’ board member, I presented the option of adding carsharing to its portfolio, and the Board agreed. The initial focus was confined to residents of OPAL housing in the Eastsound area. We set the stage for the launch by installing four chargers at the Reddick Apartments (also OPAL headquarters) and at the April’s Grove Apartments.

These would be the home bases for the carshare vehicles. Next, we purchased two Chevy Bolts – the EVs to be shared among participants in the program. By mid-2024, the first driver applicants had been accepted and the Green CarShare Project was underway.

Progress and Current Status
Considerable progress has been made in building out the EV charging infrastructure around the Island. In 2025 alone, 18 free publicly-available charging stations have been installed at five sites in Eastsound and on both sides of the Island. These include the OI High School (6 chargers – 4 financed by the grant and 2 by the OI School District), The Exchange (4), Airport Center (3), Doe Bay (3), and the Eastsound Airport (2). An additional 10 level II chargers have been lined up and are to be installed at six other sites by end of June. In addition, the level III Fast-Charging station is scheduled to be installed at the Eastsound Airport around that same time. Two individuals have played central roles in this achievement – Chip Long, Executive Director of the Port of Orcas; and Austin Duncan, Principal at Blacklight Electric.

The Green CarShare Project has been underway for nine months. Once underway, Nicholas Johns was selected as the CarShare Coordinator, responsible for day-to-day management of the program and building up the complement of driver participants. Early on, the uptake of CarShare drivers among OPAL residents was slower than hoped. Consequently, Nick and I decided to widen the program to cover all Island residents and to add a third home base for the vehicles at Orcas High School.

The CarShare Project now offers free zero-emissions transportation to any Islander 21 and over with a Washington state driver’s license, minimal car insurance, and a three-year clean driving record. Approximately 20 drivers have now signed up. Over the past nine months, Islanders have taken the Project’s Chevy Bolts on more than 1200 trips covering over 10,000 miles around the Island. The program has saved participating drivers thousands of dollars in fuel and maintenance. During current consideration of San Juan County’s  Comprehensive Plan for Transportation, the local group Island Stewards commented: “Green Carshare program is a local bright spot. It’s an Island-style solution – flexible, sustainable, and based on real community need. Residents can book an electric car when they need one without taking on the costs (or carbon footprint) of full-time ownership.”

The establishment of an EV charging network throughout the Island is supporting an incipient public transportation system. Charger installations at Reddick Apartments, April’s Grove, OI High School, Airport Center, and Northern Heights Apartments provide solid infrastructure to support both the regular Island Rides service and the Green CarShare Project. They provide free transportation for Islanders who lack access to a vehicle or cannot afford to own/drive one, and for those unable to drive for any reason. Both programs rely on EVs and charging access.

They now have reliable access. The Green CarShare Project has three home bases in addition to recently-established access to chargers at Northern Heights Apartments. And the Island Rides on-demand rides service has access to chargers recently installed at the OI High School, Airport Center, Northern Heights Apartments, and the long-standing dedicated charger provided by the OI Community Foundation.

For anyone interested in learning more about participating in these programs, there will be an information table hosted by Debbie Haagensen, Executive Director of Island Rides, and Nick Johns, CarShare Coordinator, from
12-3pm at the April 26 Earth Day Eco-Fair at the Parish Hall of the Episcopal Church. This will provide an opportunity for any Islander to begin the application process to become a Green CarShare Project driver for their own needs and/or to become a volunteer driver for the Island Rides rideshare service.

Benefits to Orcas Island and Its Residents
The benefits from expanding the charging network around OI and transitioning to EV transportation are primarily threefold: 1) lower transportation costs, 2) environmental benefits, and 3) reduced health risks.

Greater Transportation Affordability on OI
With the substantial increase of free publicly-available charging stations on OI, we project that 40% of gas-powered vehicle owners will transition to EVs over the next five years. That transition will substantially increase transportation affordability on the Island. Given the current cost of regular gasoline on OI of $5.50 per gallon and assuming a vehicle gets 20 miles per gallon, the average gas-powered vehicle driven 10,000 miles, costs $3845 per year in fuel and maintenance, or $10.50 per day. By contrast, the cost to drive an EV over the same distance is
estimated to be $730 per year, or $2 per day, given the availability of low-cost charging and the lower maintenance costs for EVs. Hence, the cost savings in transitioning to an EV will be approximately $3000 per year, or $8.50 per day. Current transportation costs for those relying on gas-powered vehicles are burdensome, particularly for the 39% of OI households living below the income level necessary to meet daily needs, and the 13% below the poverty line. High transportation costs are a disincentive for those who provide essential services to live on OI.

There is, of course, the investment involved in acquiring an EV to take advantage of these cost savings. A number of Islanders have purchased used EVs with lower battery range at considerably reduced cost. The lower range is generally not a problem on the Island given the shorter driving distances required. Under the Inflation Reduction Act, which remains in force, those at a certain income level can receive a $4000 tax credit when purchasing a used EV. The owner of Gordy’s Automotive on Mt Baker Road on OI is planning to begin selling used EVs by early summer.

Environmental Benefits
Vehicles are the largest cause of greenhouse emissions on OI, followed by the diesel ferries. They represent 78% of CO2 emissions in San Juan County (Cascadia Consulting Group Greenhouse Emissions Inventory), which reflects emissions levels on OI. With expanded, affordable EV infrastructure, there will be a strong economic incentive to transition to EVs. The goal of the EV Charger Project is to achieve at least a 40% transition to EVs over the next five years (through 2030), resulting in an estimated decline of ~30% in CO2 emissions from vehicles (Cascadia Greenhouse Emissions Inventory/OPALCO/San Juan County data).

Another environmental problem caused by vehicle emissions is ocean acidification. CO2 emissions go into the atmosphere and settle in the ocean. With ocean absorption of CO2 emissions, pH levels decline causing ocean acidity. Western Washington acidification is high relative to other US coastal areas. The ferries and international shipping contribute to the problem. Acidification threatens all marine life, but particularly endangers shellfish, an important western Washington employer, food source and export. Ocean acidity inhibits shell formation in clams/oysters/mussels. Washington is the largest producer and exporter of shellfish in the US.

In 2023, that sector employed 2700 people in rural areas and was responsible for exports valued at $11 billion. Accelerated transition to EV transportation on Oi will help reduce acidification in the surrounding Salish Sea and benefit the local economy.

Health Benefits
The toxic effects of the chemicals in carbon-based vehicle emissions, particularly in children, is an important and growing health concern. An article in the New England Journal of Medicine in January 2025 linked the exposure of these chemicals to the rise of important childhood diseases. It noted that over the past 50 years, cancer rates in
children have increased by 50% and pediatric asthma by 300%. Transitioning to EVs on OI will reduce carbon-based vehicle emissions and thus exposure to the toxic effects of the harmful chemicals in these CO2 emissions.

In closing, it’s worth noting that one of the barriers to providing free public access to charging on OI has been the cost of electricity. Under the EV Charger Project, the installation costs are paid for by the grant and OPALCO has generously provided rebates that, in most cases, fully cover the cost of the charger. The site host is required under the Project to pay for the electricity. That cost is relatively minor – somewhere between $0.50 and $0.75 per hour.

A number of local businesses participating in the Project have concluded that they favor providing electricity for free charging because doing so enables them to attract customers with electric vehicles. This is particularly true of
hotels, inns, and resorts on OI, as well as other selected businesses. Other site hosts participating in the Project, notably public facilities and nonprofits, view free charging as a “public good” that benefits the entire Island community – as noted in the benefits outlined above.

In order to produce a public good benefiting the wider community, the community needs to bear at least some small cost of producing that public good – in this case the cost of the electricity. Thank you to all those who are participating in these EV projects and stepping up to produce a public good that is contributing importantly to a
greener, healthier Orcas Island community.



 

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