Tar sands “oil” is actually thick sticky “bitumen.” Bitumen needs to be mixed with volatile diluents to be able to pump and move in crude oil pipelines.

By Chuenchom Sangarasri Greacen
Community Journalist

The image of orcas and other marine life suffocating from a sticky coat of tar sands oil will be devastating not just for our souls, but probably for our economy and ecosystem as well. I hope that day will never come. But if the fossil fuel industry has its way, the risk of major oil spills will grow significantly as plans are underway to make the Salish Sea a major tanker highway for exporting coal and tar sands oil to Asia.

In April, Texas-based energy company Kinder Morgan announced plans to expand its oil pipeline running between the Alberta oil sands and Vancouver, B.C. The move would roughly triple the number of deployed tankers operating in the area, each carrying about four times as much crude oil as the Exxon Valdez, as reported in Business Week on April 12, 2012.

In the same month, SSA Marine, a division of the world’s largest cargo terminal operator Carrix, also filed an application to build North America’s largest coal export at Cherry Point.

The oil tankers from Vancouver would skirt Waldron, Stuart and San Juan islands on the west while the coal shipping vessels would come down the Rosario Strait east of Orcas and Lopez, before heading out to the Pacific Ocean.

These two projects alone will add approximately 1,700 more large vessel trips each year, averaging about one every five hours, according to a Huffinton Post article on April 25, 2012.

Map of the San Juan Islands showing straits and international boundaries

It’s simple math: the more traffic you have, the higher the likelihood of an incident. One engine failure, bad storm or imperfect maneuver between the reefs, rocks and other ships could mean devastation to the people and marine life that rely on the special ecosystems along these coasts, warned SJ County Council representative Lovel Pratt in the same Huffington Post article.

“When the Gulf spill happened, we had days before any of the oil came to any shore. Here, we would have hours. And we’re dealing with the unique challenges of our ecology and geography that includes so much coastline and sensitive ecosystems,” said Pratt.

The bulk coal carriers each carry upwards of 10,000 tons of bunker oil, one of the most toxic fuels. But the worst is tar sands oil.

Unlike conventional crude, tar sands oil is a mixture of sticky tar and a cocktail of toxic solvents that allow the thick bitumen to be pumped through a pipeline. In the event of a tar sands oil spill, the solvents evaporate into the surrounding air hindering the rescue efforts, and the heavier bitumen sinks — rendering useless the conventional clean-up equipment designed to recover floating oil, as seen in the recent experience of the million-plus gallons of spilled tar sands chemicals in Michigan’s Kalamazoo River.

Twenty months after the spill the expensive recovery efforts continued, and 30 miles of the contaminated River remained closed to swimming, boating, fishing or even wading for the foreseeable future, according to a report by The Tyee on March 5, 2012.

If a Suezmax-class tanker, each carrying Alberta diluted bitumen 50 times the Kalamazoo spill amount, were to leak or spill in SJ waters, it is unclear if we have the technology, let alone the capacity, to handle such an incident.

The issue is further complicated by the fact that the Salish Sea straddles the U.S.-Canada border. If the ships are coming out of Canada and don’t stop in a U.S. port, then Washington State has no jurisdiction. SJ residents will bear the risks but have to rely on the Canadian government for setting standards and prevention.

Meanwhile, the Canadian government recently decided to remove oil spill staff from Vancouver at the same time that the plan to increase tanker traffic in the area was announced, as reported by Vancouver Sun on April 20, 2012.

As for the U.S., the Department of Ecology estimated that a major (conventional) oil spill would cost 165,000 jobs and $10.8 billion dollars in direct economic impacts and could even wipe out the resident orca population, blanket productive fish spawning beaches with crude, and circulate aging oil throughout the Sound for years to come.

So what can be done or where we can learn more about these developments?

For the coal-related projects, go to powerpastcoal.org,  and  re-sources.org.
For the tar sands/tanker-related issues, check out wildernesscommittee.org/tankers, https://www.re-sources.org/programs/baykeeper/oil.

Let’s get involved. Please sign petitions, talk to your neighbors and call relevant government agencies.

Chuenchom Sangarasri Greacen is an energy researcher living on Lopez Island and a member of Islands Energy Coalition, a volunteer-based group of energy enthusiasts interested in a happy, resilient future of San Juan Islands.

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