||| FROM JAN SCILIPOTI ||| 


I am a 20-year Lopez resident and represent a vacation rental owner’s group called Hosting on the Rock. The conversation about Vacation Rentals (VRs) in the San Juan Islands seems to distill down to three main topics: housing, neighborhood concerns, and environmental impact. Each topic is multi-faceted and complex.

I’d like to begin with Housing. First, it’s important to make a distinction between home-ownership, ‘affordable housing’ and year-round rental housing.

“Affordable Housing” is offered by non-profit organizations that use subsidies to provide housing to people within a specified income bracket. On Lopez this refers to the Lopez Community Land Trust (LCLT), which provides housing with a limited equity home ownership model to qualified residents.

The second type is what I call “workforce housing.” This would be for people with jobs on the islands who are looking for year-round or seasonal rental housing. The 2019 median household income was around $63,600. Using 30% of that income for housing equates to approximately $1,600 per month that a resident could use for housing.

In my opinion, LCLT is doing a great job at providing affordable housing for residents to own on Lopez. It seems that what Lopez really needs now is rental housing affordable to working residents. Since this is the type of housing that some say Vacation Rentals are affecting, let’s start here.

I have heard it said that if permits are limited in number with Caps, the VR owners will turn their homes into year-round rentals instead. Under the current situation, I don’t think VR owners will turn their houses into year-round rentals. Here is why:

  • Owners of second homes want to use them on weekends and during the summer. If owners rent their houses out year-round, they can’t use their homes themselves. Renting them as VRs allows owners to use their homes throughout the year. The importance of this in our island vacation destination cannot be overstated.
  • Homes are so expensive here that owners can’t cover expenses with rents of $1,600 or less.

In 2019, the median SJC home was valued around $489,000. This means the mortgage, property taxes and insurance will be approximately $2,000 (depending on the individual circumstance). Property Management, repairs, and capital expenditures are additional costs.

Will the homeowner cover the difference between the ownership costs and the rental income in order to provide year-round housing? I say no, the majority of them won’t. If owners don’t need the money from the rental to cover the costs, they will just leave the house empty until they want to use it, and not bother renting it at all.

This opinion is borne out by a 2015 Housing Study  which showed that of SJC’s housing stock, 7% are VRs, 16% are year-round rentals, 36% are vacant, and 41% are owner-occupied. 36% equates to a lot of vacant houses! These owners do not want to rent their homes, and financially don’t need to do so.

A side-note: if SJC limits permits too strictly, one effect will be that people (like me, for instance) who really do need the income from VRs to keep their property will have to sell them. This will negatively affect the working people that need the most help on the islands. I can’t overstate how critical this is: we should support people who still need income, instead of supporting people who don’t need rental income to keep their homes.

You may not like the fact that VRs provide income, but they do, for both the owners and for many businesses, from restaurants to carpenters. We live in a vacation destination, and tourism supports many of us and allows us to live here.

This prompts the question, why are homes so expensive here? As usual, the answer is complex.

    • The islands are beautiful. We are within driving distance of several urban areas that have experienced tremendous population growth in recent years. As such, the islands are and always have been a popular vacation destination.
    • People want to live in the cities while they are still earning income and then retire here. They have good paying jobs and are able to afford second homes.
    • People from other places (like California) sold their homes for even more money than our homes cost and moved up here to retire.
    • We are in the longest bull run in the stock market in history, and real estate costs always follow the market. Housing costs in our entire region are incredibly high.
    • We have a lot of land in preservation, which is excellent, but which also means that housing can’t be built there, therefore increasing the cost of the limited housing that is available.
    • All over the country, inventories of houses for sale are 10% of what they should be. This lack of inventory has driven up costs. Vacation destinations like ours have been particularly affected.
    • Finally, the pandemic meant that people did not want to live in cities. We have had a HUGE influx of people who want to move here, and this has driven up home prices significantly since 2020.

Do VRs increase the cost of housing? It’s possible, for two reasons. First, VR owners keep up the appearance and maintenance of their properties. This translates into higher selling prices (and also, more revenue for SJC). Second, VR permits currently ‘run with the land’, meaning a new owner can continue to use the existing permit. For anyone needing income from a VR, this makes the property more desirable. Are VRs the sole reason for high housing costs? Absolutely not.

  • Long term rentals cause more trouble for owners than VRs. Why do I say this? Because every local property manager I have spoken with agrees. They deal with both kinds of rentals, year after year. While neither type is perfect, the problems caused by some long-term renters are more costly and occur more frequently than problems caused by VR guests.

Where is the data to support all this? The Moratorium was put in place in February so that no new VR permits could be initiated in certain areas while the situation is being studied. In the five months since the Moratorium began public comments have been collected, but studies have not even been initiated, let alone completed. I’d like to propose the kind of Work Plan that could get to the root of the housing issue:

Proposed Work Plan regarding VRs and Housing

Identify the Problem:

    1. The San Juan Islands lack sufficient rental housing that is affordable to working residents.

Study the Situation:

    1. How much year-round housing is needed? At what monthly rent?
    2. How much seasonal housing is needed? At what monthly rent?
    3. What size homes are needed?
    4. Must they accommodate pets? How many?
    5. Of the current ‘vacant’ homes being used as second homes, how many have been used as year-round rentals in the past? How many were rented to locals only during the winter season, and is that still occurring?
    6. Of the current VRs, how many have been used as year-round rentals in the past? How many were rented to locals only during the winter season, and is that still occurring?
    7. Given concerns about environmental impact, does SJC want to court unlimited numbers of workers by providing sufficient housing for them? Should SJC be limiting tourism overall?
    8. Currently, are new homes being built specifically as VRs? How many, and on which islands?
    9. Currently, are new homes being built specifically as year-round rentals? How many, and on which islands? What is the projected monthly rent?
    10. We have a Housing Study from 2015 that provided the breakdown of VRs, rentals, vacant homes and owner-occupied housing. How has COVID changed those numbers? What is the current breakdown?
    11. What other areas in the U.S. have already tried solutions that SJC might emulate?

Develop innovative solutions:

    1. How can homeowners be persuaded to turn their properties into rentals? Could subsidies be an option? Could SJC provide education about screening tenants, WA landlord/tenant laws and management of year-round rentals?
    2. Should there be a luxury tax on homes above a certain value, that is then used to subsidize rentals?
    3. Can existing housing stock provide the necessary housing, or is new construction needed?
    4. Do the existing building regulations allow for the required housing? What about guest houses and ADU’s, are long term rentals allowed in these housing types, both for existing and new construction?
    5. Should SJC partner with local contractors to produce a build-to-rent model?
    6. Can SJC partner with business owners to provide housing for seasonal workers?
    7. How will SJC educate the new year-round or seasonal tenants about neighborhood concerns and environmental impact on the islands?

Conclusion
In my opinion, VRs are not the cause or the solution to our lack of workforce housing. We need to find creative ways to incentivize homeowners (both of VRs and particularly of the 36% ‘vacant’ homes) to provide more year-round rental housing, or build housing to suit these needs.

Surveys for VR owners
In an effort to compile the viewpoints of VR owners, Hosting on the Rock is starting a survey series. Each brief survey will focus on a particular aspect of the VR discussion.

If you are a VR owner in the islands, please take part in our surveys, starting with the housing-related survey currently underway. Go to HostingontheRock.com and subscribe for moratorium updates and to receive the links for the surveys. Email us at hostingontherock@gmail.com


 

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